【BBC六分钟英语】小酌一杯也会增加患癌风险吗？
【英文脚本】
Alice
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
Rob
And I’m Rob…
Alice
You look very pale, Rob. Are you OK?
Rob
Well, I was at a rather boozy wedding party last night. And I had a bit too much champagne. Do you know any good hangover cures?
Alice
A hangover is the headache and sickness you can feel after drinking too much alcohol. And a cure is something that makes you better. Well, I’m teetotal, I don’t drink alcohol. So, I’d say the best hangover cure is not to drink in the first place.
Rob
You don’t believe in hair of the dog then?
Alice
No, Rob, I don’t. Hair of the dog is the belief that drinking more alcohol when you already have a hangover will make you feel better! And boozy means lots of alcohol.
Rob
I can see I’m not going to get much sympathy from you. So I’m going to take a couple of painkillers and let you tell everyone what the subject of today’s show is.
Alice
Alright then. Well, it’s drinking too much, Rob. And I have a question for you. What is the name of the main process involved in producing alcohol? Is it… a) fermentation? b) hydration? Or c) purification?
Rob
OK, I know it has something to do with water so I’m going to go for b) hydration. It rings a bell from chemistry lessons at school.
Alice
Well, we’ll find out later on in the show whether you were listening carefully in class, Rob.
Rob
Well, er… no comment.
Alice
Well, most people are aware of the links between smoking and cancer, but fewer are aware that drinking alcohol is linked to an increased risk of future health problems. The UK government is currently trying to raise awareness with their new guidelines on how much it’s safe to drink. Let’s hear what Dr Michael Moseley has to say about health risks.
Dr Michael Moseley, Science journalist and TV presenter
Unfortunately whatever level of alcohol you are drinking it is likely to increase your risk of some forms of cancer, particularly breast cancer, but also other rarer forms of cancer like head, neck, and the throat. The rest are quite low at moderate drinking but they do rise rapidly.
Rob
So any drinking at all, even one small glass of wine with your evening meal, raises your risk of cancer? Is that right?
Alice
Yes. And the health risk increases with the amount you drink.
Rob
But I thought wine was supposed to be good for you?
Alice
It’s a popular belief, but medical evidence doesn’t seem to support this view. Let’s listen to Dr Michael Moseley again on this.
Dr Michael Moseley, Science journalist and TV presenter
Now there’s long been this idea there is this marvellous stuff in red wine called ‘resveratrol’ which is said to reduce your risk of all sorts of things. Unfortunately the amount you’d have to consume would be so huge that the downsides of drinking red wine would swiftly overwhelm them.
Rob
And the downside of something means the disadvantages. Now Alice, what’s your favourite tipple?
Alice
Well, I don’t have one Rob because I’m teetotal, remember? A tipple is another way of saying ‘an alcoholic drink’. I enjoy beetroot and kale smoothies with a dash of turmeric and ground pepper.
Rob
Kale? Yuk, that’s disgusting! Now, a smoothie is a thick drink made of fruit or vegetables blended with milk or yogurt or water. Well, I like sweet stuff… maybe a banana smoothie with some honey, but beetroot and kale sounds disgusting!
Alice
Don’t knock it until you’ve tried it. And that means try something before you criticize it.
Rob
OK, OK, but seriously. A glass of wine makes me happy and relaxed. And there are health studies that suggest being happy is good for your health.
Alice
That’s true, but eating and drinking healthily makes me happy! Now moving on, it’s important to put the risk of drinking alcohol…
Rob
…or horrible vegetable smoothies…
Alice
… in context. Statistically, drinking alcohol regularly represents just under a 1% lifetime risk of death. But actually an hour of TV watching or eating a bacon sandwich a couple of times a week is more dangerous.
Rob
Well, that’s what I like to hear! Though… what if I’m watching TV, enjoying a beer and a lovely bacon sandwich, does that triple my lifetime risk of death?
Alice
Well, Rob, you better ask Professor David Spiegelhalter at the University of Cambridge that question. I was quoting him earlier about the TV watching and the bacon sandwich. He works with statistics, but this is for another programme. Now, let’s get on to the serious matter of today’s quiz question. I asked: What is the name of the main process involved in producing alcohol? Is it… a) fermentation, b) hydration or c) purification?
Rob
Well, I said b) hydration. Though you were sceptical, weren’t you, Alice?
Alice
Yes. And I was right to be sceptical, which means ‘doubtful’, because b) is the wrong answer I’m afraid, Rob. The main process involved in producing alcohol is fermentation, which is the process in which yeast or bacteria changes sugar to alcohol. Hydration is the process of making your body absorb water. And purification is the act of removing some harmful things from something. Actually, have this glass of water, Rob. Hydration is a good hangover cure – much better than hair of the dog.
Rob
Cheers, Alice!
Alice
Now let’s hear the words we learned today.
Rob
They are: hangover cure teetotal hair of the dog boozy downside tipple don’t knock it until you’ve tried it sceptical fermentation
Alice
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Keep hydrated and don’t forget to join us again soon.
Both
Bye.
【中英文双语脚本】
Alice(爱丽丝)
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
您好，欢迎来到 6 Minute English。我是 Alice…
Rob(罗伯)
And I’m Rob…
我是 罗伯…
Alice(爱丽丝)
You look very pale, Rob. Are you OK?
你看起来非常苍白，罗伯。你没事吧？
Rob(罗伯)
Well, I was at a rather boozy wedding party last night. And I had a bit too much champagne. Do you know any good hangover cures?
嗯，我昨晚参加了一个相当酩酊大醉的婚礼派对。而且我喝了一点太多的香槟。你知道什么好的宿醉治疗方法吗？
Alice(爱丽丝)
A hangover is the headache and sickness you can feel after drinking too much alcohol. And a cure is something that makes you better. Well, I’m teetotal, I don’t drink alcohol. So, I’d say the best hangover cure is not to drink in the first place.
宿醉是您在饮酒过量后会感到的头痛和不适。治愈是让你变得更好的东西。嗯，我很兴奋，我不喝酒。所以，我想说最好的宿醉治疗方法是首先不要喝酒。
Rob(罗伯)
You don’t believe in hair of the dog then?
那你不相信狗的毛发吗？
Alice(爱丽丝)
No, Rob, I don’t. Hair of the dog is the belief that drinking more alcohol when you already have a hangover will make you feel better! And boozy means lots of alcohol.
不，罗伯，我不知道。狗的毛是相信在宿醉时多喝酒会让你感觉好些！而 boozy 意味着大量的酒精。
Rob(罗伯)
I can see I’m not going to get much sympathy from you. So I’m going to take a couple of painkillers and let you tell everyone what the subject of today’s show is.
我看得出来，我不会从你那里得到太多的同情。所以我要吃几颗止痛药，让你告诉大家今天节目的主题是什么。
Alice(爱丽丝)
Alright then. Well, it’s drinking too much, Rob. And I have a question for you. What is the name of the main process involved in producing alcohol? Is it… a) fermentation? b) hydration? Or c) purification?
好吧。嗯，喝多了，罗伯。我有一个问题要问你。生产酒精所涉及的主要过程名称是什么？是吗。。。a） 发酵？b） 补水？或 c） 净化？
Rob(罗伯)
OK, I know it has something to do with water so I’m going to go for b) hydration. It rings a bell from chemistry lessons at school.
好的，我知道这与水有关，所以我要选择 b） 补水。这响起了学校化学课的铃声。
Alice(爱丽丝)
Well, we’ll find out later on in the show whether you were listening carefully in class, Rob.
好吧，我们稍后会在节目中发现你在课堂上是否认真听课，罗伯。
Rob(罗伯)
Well, er… no comment.
嗯，呃……不加评论。
Alice(爱丽丝)
Well, most people are aware of the links between smoking and cancer, but fewer are aware that drinking alcohol is linked to an increased risk of future health problems. The UK government is currently trying to raise awareness with their new guidelines on how much it’s safe to drink. Let’s hear what Dr Michael Moseley has to say about health risks.
好吧，大多数人都知道吸烟与癌症之间的联系，但很少有人知道饮酒与未来健康问题的风险增加有关。英国政府目前正试图通过其新指南来提高人们对饮酒安全程度的认识。让我们听听 Michael Moseley 博士对健康风险的看法。
Dr Michael Moseley, Science journalist and TV presenter(MichaelMoseley博士，科学记者和电视节目主持人)
Unfortunately whatever level of alcohol you are drinking it is likely to increase your risk of some forms of cancer, particularly breast cancer, but also other rarer forms of cancer like head, neck, and the throat. The rest are quite low at moderate drinking but they do rise rapidly.
不幸的是，无论您喝的酒量是多少，都可能增加您患某些癌症的风险，尤其是乳腺癌，但也会增加其他更罕见的癌症，如头部、颈部和喉咙。其余的在适度饮酒时相当低，但它们确实会迅速上升。
Rob(罗伯)
So any drinking at all, even one small glass of wine with your evening meal, raises your risk of cancer? Is that right?
那么，任何饮酒，即使是在晚餐时喝一小杯酒，都会增加你患癌症的风险吗？是吗？
Alice(爱丽丝)
Yes. And the health risk increases with the amount you drink.
是的。健康风险随着饮酒量的增加而增加。
Rob(罗伯)
But I thought wine was supposed to be good for you?
但我以为葡萄酒应该对你有好处吗？
Alice(爱丽丝)
It’s a popular belief, but medical evidence doesn’t seem to support this view. Let’s listen to Dr Michael Moseley again on this.
这是一种普遍的看法，但医学证据似乎并不支持这一观点。让我们再听听 Michael Moseley 博士关于这个问题的发言。
Dr Michael Moseley, Science journalist and TV presenter(MichaelMoseley博士，科学记者和电视节目主持人)
Now there’s long been this idea there is this marvellous stuff in red wine called ‘resveratrol’ which is said to reduce your risk of all sorts of things. Unfortunately the amount you’d have to consume would be so huge that the downsides of drinking red wine would swiftly overwhelm them.
长期以来，人们一直有这样的想法，红酒中有一种叫做“白藜芦醇”的奇妙成分，据说它可以降低你患各种事情的风险。不幸的是，您必须消耗的量如此之大，以至于喝红酒的坏处会很快压倒他们。
Rob(罗伯)
And the downside of something means the disadvantages. Now Alice, what’s your favourite tipple?
而某事的坏处意味着坏处。现在，爱丽丝，你最喜欢的烈酒是什么？
Alice(爱丽丝)
Well, I don’t have one Rob because I’m teetotal, remember? A tipple is another way of saying ‘an alcoholic drink’. I enjoy beetroot and kale smoothies with a dash of turmeric and ground pepper.
好吧，我没有一个 罗伯，因为我是 teetotal，记得吗？烈酒是“酒精饮料”的另一种说法。我喜欢甜菜根和羽衣甘蓝冰沙，加少许姜黄和胡椒粉。
Rob(罗伯)
Kale? Yuk, that’s disgusting! Now, a smoothie is a thick drink made of fruit or vegetables blended with milk or yogurt or water. Well, I like sweet stuff… maybe a banana smoothie with some honey, but beetroot and kale sounds disgusting!
甘蓝？哎呀，真恶心！现在，冰沙是一种由水果或蔬菜与牛奶、酸奶或水混合而成的浓稠饮料。嗯，我喜欢甜食……也许是香蕉冰沙加了一些蜂蜜，但甜菜根和羽衣甘蓝听起来很恶心！
Alice(爱丽丝)
Don’t knock it until you’ve tried it. And that means try something before you criticize it.
在你尝试之前不要敲门。这意味着在你批评之前先尝试一下。
Rob(罗伯)
OK, OK, but seriously. A glass of wine makes me happy and relaxed. And there are health studies that suggest being happy is good for your health.
好吧，好吧，但说真的。一杯葡萄酒让我感到快乐和放松。有健康研究表明，快乐对你的健康有好处。
Alice(爱丽丝)
That’s true, but eating and drinking healthily makes me happy! Now moving on, it’s important to put the risk of drinking alcohol…
没错，但健康的饮食让我很快乐！现在继续前进，重要的是要把喝酒的风险……
Rob(罗伯)
…or horrible vegetable smoothies…
…或可怕的蔬菜冰沙……
Alice(爱丽丝)
… in context. Statistically, drinking alcohol regularly represents just under a 1% lifetime risk of death. But actually an hour of TV watching or eating a bacon sandwich a couple of times a week is more dangerous.
…在上下文中。据统计，经常饮酒的终生死亡风险略低于 1%。但实际上，每周看几次一小时的电视或吃培根三明治更危险。
Rob(罗伯)
Well, that’s what I like to hear! Though… what if I’m watching TV, enjoying a beer and a lovely bacon sandwich, does that triple my lifetime risk of death?
嗯，这就是我喜欢听的！虽然。。。如果我在看电视，享受啤酒和美味的培根三明治，那会不会让我一生的死亡风险增加三倍？
Alice(爱丽丝)
Well, Rob, you better ask Professor David Spiegelhalter at the University of Cambridge that question. I was quoting him earlier about the TV watching and the bacon sandwich. He works with statistics, but this is for another programme. Now, let’s get on to the serious matter of today’s quiz question. I asked: What is the name of the main process involved in producing alcohol? Is it… a) fermentation, b) hydration or c) purification?
好吧，罗伯，你最好问问剑桥大学的 David Spiegelhalter 教授这个问题。我之前引用了他关于看电视和培根三明治的话。他从事统计学工作，但这是另一个项目。现在，让我们继续讨论今天测验问题的严肃问题。我问：生产酒精所涉及的主要过程叫什么名字？是吗。。。a） 发酵，b） 水合还是 c） 纯化？
Rob(罗伯)
Well, I said b) hydration. Though you were sceptical, weren’t you, Alice?
嗯，我说的是 b） 补水。虽然你很怀疑，但不是吗，爱丽丝？
Alice(爱丽丝)
Yes. And I was right to be sceptical, which means ‘doubtful’, because b) is the wrong answer I’m afraid, Rob. The main process involved in producing alcohol is fermentation, which is the process in which yeast or bacteria changes sugar to alcohol. Hydration is the process of making your body absorb water. And purification is the act of removing some harmful things from something. Actually, have this glass of water, Rob. Hydration is a good hangover cure – much better than hair of the dog.
是的。我怀疑是对的，意思是“可疑”，因为 b） 恐怕是错误的答案，罗伯。生产酒精涉及的主要过程是发酵，这是酵母或细菌将糖转化为酒精的过程。补水是使您的身体吸收水分的过程。净化是从某物中去除一些有害物质的行为。其实，喝杯水吧，罗伯。补水是一种很好的宿醉治疗方法 —— 比狗的毛发好得多。
Rob(罗伯)
Cheers, Alice!
干杯，爱丽丝！
Alice(爱丽丝)
Now let’s hear the words we learned today.
现在让我们听听我们今天学到的单词。
Rob(罗伯)
They are: hangover cure teetotal hair of the dog boozy downside tipple don’t knock it until you’ve tried it sceptical fermentation
他们是： 宿醉治疗 狗的 teetotal 毛发 醉酒 倒酒 在你尝试过之前不要敲它 怀疑发酵
Alice(爱丽丝)
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Keep hydrated and don’t forget to join us again soon.
好了，今天的六分钟 English 到此结束。保持水分，别忘了很快再次加入我们。
Both(双)
Bye.
再见。
【核心词汇】
hangover
the headache and sickness you can feel after drinking too much alcohol
宿醉
头痛和恶心的感觉，通常是在饮酒过量后产生的。
I had a terrible hangover the next morning.
第二天早上我感觉宿醉得厉害。
teetotal
someone who doesn’t drink alcohol
滴酒不沾
指一个人从不喝酒。
He became teetotal after a health scare.
在一次健康恐慌之后，他开始滴酒不沾。
hair of the dog
the belief that drinking more alcohol when you already have a hangover will make you feel better
以毒攻毒
指一种认为在宿醉时喝更多的酒可以缓解症状的迷信说法。
He tried hair of the dog to ease his hangover.
他试图用以毒攻毒的方法来缓解宿醉。
tipple
alcoholic drink
含酒精饮料
任何含有酒精的饮料，尤指经常饮用的。
His usual tipple was whisky.
他常喝的酒是威士忌。
sceptical
doubtful about whether something is true or not
怀疑的
对某事是否真实或可行感到怀疑。
I am sceptical about his chances of winning.
我对他获胜的机会持怀疑态度。
fermentation
the process in which yeast or bacteria change sugar to alcohol
发酵
指酵母或细菌将糖转变成酒精的过程。
Fermentation is used in the production of beer and wine.
发酵被用于啤酒和葡萄酒的生产中。
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