【BBC六分钟英语】为什么人们经常说一套做一套？

【英文脚本】

Alice
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…

Rob
And I’m Rob…

Alice
Did I see you arriving in a huge red pick-up truck this morning?

Rob
Yes, it’s great, isn’t it?

Alice
It’s very big… and red. But Rob, aren’t you a supporter of the movement to preserve the environment?

Rob
Erm… Yes.

Alice
A gas-guzzling car for an environmentalist, Rob? Isn’t that a contradiction, aren’t you being a hypocrite?

Rob
Well, it’s very fuel-efficient, Alice. It’s quite eco-friendly actually.

Alice
That’s ridiculous and you know it. Hypocrisy is the subject of today’s show, and maybe we should start by exploring the meaning of hypocrite. Can you tell me what did the Ancient Greek word ‘hypocrite’ originally mean? Was it… a) actor b) politician Or c) horse?

Rob
OK, that’s easy. I think it’s b) politician.

Alice
Well, we’ll find out whether you got the answer right or not later in the show. Now, these days the meaning has changed, and a hypocrite means somebody who says one thing and does another.

Rob
Like you telling me not to bite my nails because it’s a disgusting habit… and then I see you doing it later the same day.

Alice
Hmm. Well, sometimes it’s hard to be consistent. I do think nail biting is disgusting, but then when I’m a bit nervous I do it without thinking.

Rob
We’re often inconsistent in what we say or do, though, aren’t we? Inconsistent means changeable.

Alice
There is an explanation for us sometimes saying one thing and behaving in a very different way. Let’s listen to Professor Clancy Martin at the University of Missouri in the US. He teaches Philosophy so he knows a thing or two about the way we think.

Clancy Martin, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri in Kansas City, US
So while you might be enormously compassionate in your role as a teacher or a parent, you might find yourself being quite harsh and direct when it comes to your role as a brother or a sister. So then you see that - now wait a second if I’ve got all these inconsistencies all over the place in my character can I really say that I’m a sincere and authentic individual? Or am I just kind of blowing with which ever way my relationship winds kind of incline me?

Rob
Professor Clancy Martin. So we play different roles in life and these roles may seem contradictory but they’re just part of being the same person. Sometimes you’re a bit harsh and direct with me, Alice, aren’t you? Do you see yourself as my sister? She used to pick on me.

Alice
Harsh means stern and unkind. I don’t mean to be unkind to you, Rob. Maybe I could try and be more compassionate towards you, it means show a bit of sympathy and concern now and then.

Rob
Offer me good words. At least promise you’ll be nice to me. That you’ll bring me tea and biscuits…

Alice
That’s what politicians do. They promise they will do what people want and … often they don’t. And it’s a big problem for them. Let’s talk about politicians and hypocrisy.

Rob
They have to express opinions about so many things that it’s easy to catch them out being hypocritical…, and then we, the public, get morally indignant about it.

Alice
Yes. To catch somebody out means to discover they have made a mistake. And morally indignant means being angry about something, according to principles of right and wrong. Let’s listen to Professor Martin again talking about the difficulties of being a politician.

Clancy Martin, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri in Kansas City, US
I think in our contemporary democracy it’s become obvious to most of us that the views that we expect from our politicians and the kinds of views that get our politicians elected are… may be completely incongruous with the way they lead their personal lives and what they personally believe. And this is how it can become very morally pernicious… very morally dangerous.

Alice
OK, so we elect politicians based on their views, for example on the environment, on education, on foreign policy. But their public views may be incongruous, or not in agreement with, their personal views.

Rob
And the difference between their public and personal views can be pernicious - it means deadly or destructive.

Alice
Politicians are under scrutiny all the time, their personal lives, their public statements… Now with social media, a thoughtless comment goes viral, or spreads very quickly via the internet.

Rob
That’s true. And actually… I posted a photo of my red pick-up truck earlier.

Alice
Has it gone viral, Rob?

Rob
No, but there is a negative comment from the local conservationists…

Alice
Oh dear. Well, Rob, I think it’s time I told you the answer to today’s quiz question. I asked: What did the Ancient Greek word ‘hypocrite’ originally describe? Was it… a) actor, b) politician or c) horse.

Rob
And I said b) politician.

Alice
And you were wrong, I’m afraid! Hypokrites was a technical term for a stage actor and was not considered an appropriate role for a public figure. In Athens in the 4th century BC, the great orator Demosthenes ridiculed a rival politician, who had been a successful actor. Well, we’re running out of time so can we hear the words we learned today?

Rob
They are: hypocrite inconsistent harsh compassionate catch somebody out morally indignant incongruous pernicious go viral

Alice
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t forget to join us again soon!

Both
Bye.

【中英文双语脚本】

Alice(爱丽丝)
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
您好，欢迎来到 6 Minute English。我是 Alice…

Rob(罗伯)
And I’m Rob…
我是罗伯…

Alice(爱丽丝)
Did I see you arriving in a huge red pick-up truck this morning?
我今天早上看到你开着一辆巨大的红色皮卡车来了吗？

Rob(罗伯)
Yes, it’s great, isn’t it?
是的，这很棒，不是吗？

Alice(爱丽丝)
It’s very big… and red. But Rob, aren’t you a supporter of the movement to preserve the environment?
它非常大……和红色。但是罗伯，您不是保护环境运动的支持者吗？

Rob(罗伯)
Erm… Yes.
呃…是的。

Alice(爱丽丝)
A gas-guzzling car for an environmentalist, Rob? Isn’t that a contradiction, aren’t you being a hypocrite?
环保主义者的罗伯是一辆高油耗的汽车吗？这不是自相矛盾吗，你不是个伪君子吗？

Rob(罗伯)
Well, it’s very fuel-efficient, Alice. It’s quite eco-friendly actually.
嗯，它非常省油，Alice。实际上它非常环保。

Alice(爱丽丝)
That’s ridiculous and you know it. Hypocrisy is the subject of today’s show, and maybe we should start by exploring the meaning of hypocrite. Can you tell me what did the Ancient Greek word ‘hypocrite’ originally mean? Was it… a) actor b) politician Or c) horse?
这太荒谬了，你知道的。虚伪是今天节目的主题，或许我们应该先来探讨一下伪君子的含义。你能告诉我古希腊语“伪君子”这个词最初的含义是什么吗？是不是……a）演员 b）政治家还是 c）马？

Rob(罗伯)
OK, that’s easy. I think it’s b) politician.
好的，这很容易。我认为是 b）政治家。

Alice(爱丽丝)
Well, we’ll find out whether you got the answer right or not later in the show. Now, these days the meaning has changed, and a hypocrite means somebody who says one thing and does another.
好吧，我们将在稍后的节目中找出您的答案是否正确。现在，这个含义已经改变了，伪君子的意思是说一套做一套的人。

Rob(罗伯)
Like you telling me not to bite my nails because it’s a disgusting habit… and then I see you doing it later the same day.
就像你告诉我不要咬指甲，因为这是一个令人作呕的习惯……然后我看到你在同一天晚些时候这样做。

Alice(爱丽丝)
Hmm. Well, sometimes it’s hard to be consistent. I do think nail biting is disgusting, but then when I’m a bit nervous I do it without thinking.
嗯。嗯，有时候很难保持一致。我确实觉得咬指甲很恶心，但是当我有点紧张时，我会不假思索地去做。

Rob(罗伯)
We’re often inconsistent in what we say or do, though, aren’t we? Inconsistent means changeable.
不过，我们经常在所说或所做的事情上不一致，不是吗？不一致意味着多变。

Alice(爱丽丝)
There is an explanation for us sometimes saying one thing and behaving in a very different way. Let’s listen to Professor Clancy Martin at the University of Missouri in the US. He teaches Philosophy so he knows a thing or two about the way we think.
我们有时说一件事，行为方式却截然不同，这是可以解释的。让我们听听美国密苏里大学的 Clancy Martin 教授的演讲。他教授哲学，因此他对我们的思维方式略知一二。

Clancy Martin, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri in Kansas City, US(ClancyMartin，美国堪萨斯城密苏里大学哲学教授)
So while you might be enormously compassionate in your role as a teacher or a parent, you might find yourself being quite harsh and direct when it comes to your role as a brother or a sister. So then you see that - now wait a second if I’ve got all these inconsistencies all over the place in my character can I really say that I’m a sincere and authentic individual? Or am I just kind of blowing with which ever way my relationship winds kind of incline me?
因此，虽然您在作为老师或父母的角色中可能非常富有同情心，但当您作为兄弟或姐妹的角色时，您可能会发现自己非常严厉和直接。所以，你会看到 —— 现在等一下，如果我的性格中到处都是这些不一致的地方，我真的可以说我是一个真诚和真实的人吗？或者我只是在吹我的关系走向对我有利的方式？

Rob(罗伯)
Professor Clancy Martin. So we play different roles in life and these roles may seem contradictory but they’re just part of being the same person. Sometimes you’re a bit harsh and direct with me, Alice, aren’t you? Do you see yourself as my sister? She used to pick on me.
Clancy Martin 教授。所以我们在生活中扮演不同的角色，这些角色可能看起来很矛盾，但它们只是作为同一个人的一部分。有时你对我有点苛刻和直接，爱丽丝，不是吗？你把自己看作是我的姐姐吗？她以前经常挑剔我。

Alice(爱丽丝)
Harsh means stern and unkind. I don’t mean to be unkind to you, Rob. Maybe I could try and be more compassionate towards you, it means show a bit of sympathy and concern now and then.
严厉意味着严厉和不仁慈。我不是故意对你不友善的，罗伯。也许我可以试着对你更有同情心，这意味着时不时地表现出一点同情和关心。

Rob(罗伯)
Offer me good words. At least promise you’ll be nice to me. That you’ll bring me tea and biscuits…
请给我好话。至少保证你会对我好。你会给我带来茶和饼干……

Alice(爱丽丝)
That’s what politicians do. They promise they will do what people want and … often they don’t. And it’s a big problem for them. Let’s talk about politicians and hypocrisy.
这就是政客们所做的。他们承诺他们会做人们想做的事，而且……他们通常不会。这对他们来说是一个大问题。让我们谈谈政客和虚伪。

Rob(罗伯)
They have to express opinions about so many things that it’s easy to catch them out being hypocritical…, and then we, the public, get morally indignant about it.
他们必须对很多事情发表意见，以至于很容易发现他们虚伪……，然后我们公众就对此感到道德愤慨。

Alice(爱丽丝)
Yes. To catch somebody out means to discover they have made a mistake. And morally indignant means being angry about something, according to principles of right and wrong. Let’s listen to Professor Martin again talking about the difficulties of being a politician.
是的。To catch someone out 的意思是发现他们犯了错误。道德愤慨意味着根据对与错的原则，对某事生气。让我们再听听 Martin 教授谈谈成为政治家的困难。

Clancy Martin, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri in Kansas City, US(ClancyMartin，美国堪萨斯城密苏里大学哲学教授)
I think in our contemporary democracy it’s become obvious to most of us that the views that we expect from our politicians and the kinds of views that get our politicians elected are… may be completely incongruous with the way they lead their personal lives and what they personally believe. And this is how it can become very morally pernicious… very morally dangerous.
我认为，在我们当代的民主制度中，我们大多数人都很明显地认识到，我们期望从政客那里得到的观点以及让我们的政客当选的观点是……可能与他们的个人生活方式和个人信仰完全不一致。这就是它如何变得非常道德有害……在道德上非常危险。

Alice(爱丽丝)
OK, so we elect politicians based on their views, for example on the environment, on education, on foreign policy. But their public views may be incongruous, or not in agreement with, their personal views.
好的，我们根据他们的观点来选举政治家，例如在环境、教育、外交政策方面。但他们的公众观点可能与他们的个人观点不一致或不一致。

Rob(罗伯)
And the difference between their public and personal views can be pernicious - it means deadly or destructive.
他们的公众和个人观点之间的差异可能是有害的 —— 这意味着致命的或破坏性的。

Alice(爱丽丝)
Politicians are under scrutiny all the time, their personal lives, their public statements… Now with social media, a thoughtless comment goes viral, or spreads very quickly via the internet.
政客们无时无刻不在受到审查，他们的个人生活、他们的公开声明……现在有了社交媒体，一条轻率的评论会像病毒一样传播开来，或者通过互联网迅速传播。

Rob(罗伯)
That’s true. And actually… I posted a photo of my red pick-up truck earlier.
这是真的。实际上……我早些时候发布了一张我的红色皮卡车的照片。

Alice(爱丽丝)
Has it gone viral, Rob?
它病毒式传播了吗，罗伯？

Rob(罗伯)
No, but there is a negative comment from the local conservationists…
不，但当地环保人士对此持负面评论……

Alice(爱丽丝)
Oh dear. Well, Rob, I think it’s time I told you the answer to today’s quiz question. I asked: What did the Ancient Greek word ‘hypocrite’ originally describe? Was it… a) actor, b) politician or c) horse.
哦，天哪。好吧，罗伯，我想我该告诉你今天测验问题的答案了。我问道：古希腊语中的“伪君子”这个词最初指的是什么？是不是……a）演员，b）政治家或 c）马。

Rob(罗伯)
And I said b) politician.
我说 b）政治家。

Alice(爱丽丝)
And you were wrong, I’m afraid! Hypokrites was a technical term for a stage actor and was not considered an appropriate role for a public figure. In Athens in the 4th century BC, the great orator Demosthenes ridiculed a rival politician, who had been a successful actor. Well, we’re running out of time so can we hear the words we learned today?
恐怕你错了！Hypokrites 是舞台演员的技术术语，不被认为是公众人物的合适角色。公元前 4 世纪的雅典，伟大的演说家德摩斯梯尼嘲笑了一位曾是一位成功演员的竞争对手政治家。好吧，我们的时间不多了，那么我们能听到我们今天学到的单词吗？

Rob(罗伯)
They are: hypocrite inconsistent harsh compassionate catch somebody out morally indignant incongruous pernicious go viral
他们是：伪君子前后矛盾严厉富有同情心抓住某人道德愤慨不协调有害病毒式传播

Alice(爱丽丝)
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t forget to join us again soon!
好了，今天的六分钟 English 到此结束。别忘了很快再次加入我们！

Both(双)
Bye.
再见。

【核心词汇】

hypocrite

somebody who says one thing and does another
伪君子
说一套做一套的人
He’s a hypocrite – he’s always lecturing other people about being on time, but he’s always late himself.
他是个伪君子——他总是教训别人要准时，可他自己总是迟到。

compassionate

showing sympathy and concern
富有同情心的
表达同情和关心
Her voice was compassionate.
她的声音充满了同情。

catch somebody out

discover somebody has made a mistake
抓住把柄
发现某人犯了错误
The police set a trap to catch the thief out.
警察设下陷阱，想抓住那个贼。

morally indignant

being angry about something according to principles of right and wrong
义愤填膺
对违背是非原则的事情感到愤怒
He was morally indignant at the injustice of the situation.
他对这种不公正的情况感到义愤填膺。

pernicious

deadly or destructive
有害的；致命的
具有致命或破坏性的
The pernicious effects of jealousy.
嫉妒的危害。

go viral

spread very quickly (via the internet)
爆红
（通过互联网）迅速传播
Within days the video went viral.
几天之内，这段视频就爆红网络。

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