【BBC六分钟英语】什么是帮助人们保持心理健康的治疗方法？
【英文脚本】
Neil
Welcome to 6 Minute English, where we bring you a thoughtful topic and six items of vocabulary.
Rob
I’m Rob…
Neil
And I’m Neil. So I was watching an old Woody Allen movie last night…
Rob
OK. Is he the anxious middle-aged guy from New York who talks about his problems all the time?
Neil
That’s the one. He was paying for… psychoanalysis, and that’s a type of talk therapy that was popular in the 1970s. Do you know what therapy means, Rob?
Rob
Yes. Therapy means a type of treatment for a problem or illness. And talk therapy is a treatment for psychological problems, which means problems of the mind, in case you were struggling with another long Greek word, Neil! Trained therapists work with you on ways to understand your thoughts, feelings and behaviour.
Neil
Hey, Rob, I’m an expert on long Greek words. Psychology is the noun, by the way. And the prefix ‘psycho’ in front of any word means to do with the mind.
Rob
For example the horror movie Psycho… Which is all about the disturbed mind of the main character, Norman Bates…
Neil
…Where disturbed means not thinking or behaving in a normal way, because you have psychological problems. Norman Bates would have found talk therapy helpful, don’t you think?
Rob
Hmm. I’m not sure really. Anyway, let’s have a quiz question, shall we now, Neil? Can you tell me who invented the first talk therapy? Was it… a) Boris Karloff, b) Carl Jung or c) Sigmund Freud?
Neil
I’m going to go for Sigmund Freud.
Rob
OK. Interesting answer, we’ll find out later whether it was the right one or not. Now, moving on, what do you think is the most common psychological problem today, Neil?
Neil
It’s depression. And depression, a feeling of unhappiness that can affect your thoughts, behaviour, and feelings, is the most common psychological problem affecting people throughout the world.
Rob
How depressing! That’s the adjective! It makes me feel depressed just thinking about it.
Neil
And depressed is the adjective we use to describe how we are feeling. Don’t feel depressed, Rob! Let’s listen to Professor Brent Roberts from the University of Illinois to find out more about the benefits of talk therapy.
Professor Brent Roberts from the University of Illinois
Seeing a therapist does result in marked changes in psychological functioning. So people get less depressed and they get less anxious, and it seems to be regardless of what type of intervention is engaged in. And that is… and that has been one of the more positive aspects of the therapy research that we’ve seen.
Neil
So when people talk to therapists about their problems, it results in marked changes in their psychological functioning, marked here means obvious or noticeable.
Rob
And these marked changes are that people become less depressed and anxious!
Neil
An intervention, by the way, is something you do to improve a medical problem, and in this context, it refers to different types of talk therapy.
Rob
But why is talking about our problems helpful, Neil?
Neil
I think it gives a shape to our problems. It makes them seem clearer, and that’s a first step in being able to manage them. Also, “a problem shared is a problem halved”, as the saying goes.
Rob
There’s also some scientific evidence that talk therapy can change the way we think and feel – by replacing negative thought patterns with positive ones.
Neil
Medication can also change the way we think and feel. Some people take pills to treat depression.
Rob
But medication can have negative effects, for example it can make you feel sleepy during the daytime.
Neil
Well, here’s a positive thought, let’s check how much we’ve learned today by going over today’s vocabulary! We had therapy…
Rob
Therapy is a type of treatment for a problem or illness. There’s therapy, therapist – therapeutic.
Neil
My therapist is using a new therapy with me, it’s very therapeutic!
Rob
Therapeutic, means treating an illness, but in a more general sense, it can simply mean relaxing. For example, I find listening to music very therapeutic.
Neil
OK. Next up, psychological, relating to the mind. Psychology, psychologist – psychological. Depression and anxiety are both psychological problems.
Rob
My friend is studying psychology at university.
Neil
I want to be a famous psychologist.
Rob
A career change at your age, Neil?! You’ve kept that one a secret. OK. Number three – disturbed, not thinking or behaving in a normal way because you have psychological problems. She was a disturbed young woman.
Neil
Or disturbing, I’ve been having very disturbing dreams recently.
Rob
Poor Neil! Disturbing here means upsetting or worrying.
Neil
Next item, depression, a feeling of unhappiness that can affect your thoughts, behaviour, and feelings.
Rob
We felt depressed by the news.
Neil
The news was very depressing!
Rob
Alright. Let’s lift the mood, marked means obvious or noticeable. There’s been a marked improvement in your English homework!
Neil
There was a marked increase in the company’s profits last year!
Rob
And finally, intervention, something you do to improve a problem, medical or otherwise.
Neil
Let me intervene at this point, intervene, that’s the verb and in this context it means to interrupt, and say we’ve forgotten the quiz question, Rob!!
Rob
Oh, no! Good intervention. Yes, let’s remind ourselves of that quiz question: who invented the first talk therapy? And you said Sigmund Freud, which is the right answer, so well done, Neil! Psychoanalysis was invented in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. The patient lies on a couch and talks about their thoughts, feelings and dreams while the therapist listens. Psychoanalytic sessions typically last 50 minutes and take place 4 to 5 times a week.
Neil
OK. Good to know. But I think I prefer our own brand of talk therapy here on the show. And listeners, you can express your thoughts and feelings by visiting our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages.
Rob
Talk to you again soon! Bye-bye!
Neil
So tell me about your childhood, Rob…
【中英文双语脚本】
Neil(尼尔)
Welcome to 6 Minute English, where we bring you a thoughtful topic and six items of vocabulary.
欢迎来到六分钟英语，我们为您带来一个深思熟虑的话题和六个词汇项目。
Rob(罗伯)
I’m Rob…
我是 罗伯…
Neil(尼尔)
And I’m Neil. So I was watching an old Woody Allen movie last night…
我是 Neil。所以我昨晚在看伍迪·艾伦的老电影……
Rob(罗伯)
OK. Is he the anxious middle-aged guy from New York who talks about his problems all the time?
还行。他是那个来自纽约的焦虑的中年男子，总是在谈论自己的问题吗？
Neil(尼尔)
That’s the one. He was paying for… psychoanalysis, and that’s a type of talk therapy that was popular in the 1970s. Do you know what therapy means, Rob?
就是那个。他正在支付……精神分析，这是 1970 年代流行的一种谈话疗法。你知道治疗是什么意思吗，罗伯？
Rob(罗伯)
Yes. Therapy means a type of treatment for a problem or illness. And talk therapy is a treatment for psychological problems, which means problems of the mind, in case you were struggling with another long Greek word, Neil! Trained therapists work with you on ways to understand your thoughts, feelings and behaviour.
是的。治疗是指针对问题或疾病的一种治疗方法。谈话疗法是治疗心理问题的一种方式，这意味着心理问题，如果你正在为另一个很长的希腊词 Neil 而苦苦挣扎！训练有素的治疗师会与您一起研究，以了解如何了解您的想法、感受和行为。
Neil(尼尔)
Hey, Rob, I’m an expert on long Greek words. Psychology is the noun, by the way. And the prefix ‘psycho’ in front of any word means to do with the mind.
嘿，罗伯，我是希腊语长词的专家。顺便说一句，心理学是名词。任何词前面的前缀 ‘psycho’ 的意思是与心灵有关。
Rob(罗伯)
For example the horror movie Psycho… Which is all about the disturbed mind of the main character, Norman Bates…
例如，恐怖电影《惊魂记》……这就是主角诺曼·贝茨 （Norman Bates） 的心灵不安的全部内容……
Neil(尼尔)
…Where disturbed means not thinking or behaving in a normal way, because you have psychological problems. Norman Bates would have found talk therapy helpful, don’t you think?
…烦恼意味着没有以正常的方式思考或行为，因为你有心理问题。诺曼·贝茨 （Norman Bates） 会发现谈话疗法有帮助，你不觉得吗？
Rob(罗伯)
Hmm. I’m not sure really. Anyway, let’s have a quiz question, shall we now, Neil? Can you tell me who invented the first talk therapy? Was it… a) Boris Karloff, b) Carl Jung or c) Sigmund Freud?
嗯。我真的不确定。无论如何，让我们有一个测验问题，现在好吗，Neil？你能告诉我谁发明了第一个谈话疗法吗？是不是……a） 鲍里斯·卡洛夫，b） 卡尔·荣格或 c） 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德？
Neil(尼尔)
I’m going to go for Sigmund Freud.
我要去找西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）。
Rob(罗伯)
OK. Interesting answer, we’ll find out later whether it was the right one or not. Now, moving on, what do you think is the most common psychological problem today, Neil?
好的，有趣的答案，我们稍后会知道它是否正确。现在，继续前进，你认为当今最常见的心理问题是什么，Neil？
Neil(尼尔)
It’s depression. And depression, a feeling of unhappiness that can affect your thoughts, behaviour, and feelings, is the most common psychological problem affecting people throughout the world.
这是抑郁症。抑郁症是一种会影响您的思想、行为和感受的不快乐感，是影响世界各地人们最常见的心理问题。
Rob(罗伯)
How depressing! That’s the adjective! It makes me feel depressed just thinking about it.
多么令人沮丧！这就是形容词！光是想想就让我感到沮丧。
Neil(尼尔)
And depressed is the adjective we use to describe how we are feeling. Don’t feel depressed, Rob! Let’s listen to Professor Brent Roberts from the University of Illinois to find out more about the benefits of talk therapy.
抑郁是我们用来描述我们感受的形容词。不要感到沮丧，罗伯！让我们听听伊利诺伊大学的 Brent 罗伯erts 教授，了解更多关于谈话疗法的好处。
Professor Brent Roberts from the University of Illinois(伊利诺伊大学的BrentRoberts教授)
Seeing a therapist does result in marked changes in psychological functioning. So people get less depressed and they get less anxious, and it seems to be regardless of what type of intervention is engaged in. And that is… and that has been one of the more positive aspects of the therapy research that we’ve seen.
去看治疗师确实会导致心理功能的显着变化。因此，人们的抑郁程度会降低，焦虑也会减少，而且似乎与从事哪种类型的干预无关。那就是……这是我们所看到的治疗研究中比较积极的方面之一。
Neil(尼尔)
So when people talk to therapists about their problems, it results in marked changes in their psychological functioning, marked here means obvious or noticeable.
因此，当人们与治疗师谈论他们的问题时，这会导致他们的心理功能发生显着变化，这里标记的意思是明显的或明显的。
Rob(罗伯)
And these marked changes are that people become less depressed and anxious!
而这些显著的变化是，人们变得不那么沮丧和焦虑了！
Neil(尼尔)
An intervention, by the way, is something you do to improve a medical problem, and in this context, it refers to different types of talk therapy.
顺便说一句，干预是你为改善医疗问题而做的事情，在这种情况下，它指的是不同类型的谈话疗法。
Rob(罗伯)
But why is talking about our problems helpful, Neil?
但是，为什么谈论我们的问题会有所帮助呢，尼尔？
Neil(尼尔)
I think it gives a shape to our problems. It makes them seem clearer, and that’s a first step in being able to manage them. Also, “a problem shared is a problem halved”, as the saying goes.
我认为它让我们的问题有了形状。它使它们看起来更清晰，这是能够管理它们的第一步。此外，俗话说，“分享的问题就是减半的问题”。
Rob(罗伯)
There’s also some scientific evidence that talk therapy can change the way we think and feel – by replacing negative thought patterns with positive ones.
还有一些科学证据表明，谈话疗法可以改变我们的思维和感受方式 —— 通过用积极的思维模式取代消极的思维模式。
Neil(尼尔)
Medication can also change the way we think and feel. Some people take pills to treat depression.
药物还可以改变我们的思维和感受方式。有些人服用药丸来治疗抑郁症。
Rob(罗伯)
But medication can have negative effects, for example it can make you feel sleepy during the daytime.
但药物可能会产生负面影响，例如它会让您在白天感到困倦。
Neil(尼尔)
Well, here’s a positive thought, let’s check how much we’ve learned today by going over today’s vocabulary! We had therapy…
好吧，这是一个积极的想法，让我们通过复习今天的词汇来检查我们今天学到了多少！我们接受了治疗……
Rob(罗伯)
Therapy is a type of treatment for a problem or illness. There’s therapy, therapist – therapeutic.
治疗是针对问题或疾病的一种治疗方法。有治疗，治疗师 – 治疗。
Neil(尼尔)
My therapist is using a new therapy with me, it’s very therapeutic!
我的治疗师正在和我一起使用一种新的疗法，它非常有治疗作用！
Rob(罗伯)
Therapeutic, means treating an illness, but in a more general sense, it can simply mean relaxing. For example, I find listening to music very therapeutic.
治疗，意味着治疗疾病，但从更一般的意义上讲，它可以简单地意味着放松。例如，我发现听音乐非常有治疗作用。
Neil(尼尔)
OK. Next up, psychological, relating to the mind. Psychology, psychologist – psychological. Depression and anxiety are both psychological problems.
还行。接下来是心理，与思想有关。心理学家 – 心理学家。抑郁和焦虑都是心理问题。
Rob(罗伯)
My friend is studying psychology at university.
我的朋友在大学学习心理学。
Neil(尼尔)
I want to be a famous psychologist.
我想成为一名著名的心理学家。
Rob(罗伯)
A career change at your age, Neil?! You’ve kept that one a secret. OK. Number three – disturbed, not thinking or behaving in a normal way because you have psychological problems. She was a disturbed young woman.
在你这个年纪转行，尼尔？！你一直保守着这个秘密。好的，第三点 – 不安，因为你有心理问题，所以没有以正常的方式思考或行为。她是一个心烦意乱的年轻女子。
Neil(尼尔)
Or disturbing, I’ve been having very disturbing dreams recently.
或者令人不安的是，我最近一直在做非常令人不安的梦。
Rob(罗伯)
Poor Neil! Disturbing here means upsetting or worrying.
可怜的尼尔！这里的烦恼意味着不安或担忧。
Neil(尼尔)
Next item, depression, a feeling of unhappiness that can affect your thoughts, behaviour, and feelings.
下一项是抑郁，一种会影响您的思想、行为和感受的不快乐感。
Rob(罗伯)
We felt depressed by the news.
我们对这个消息感到沮丧。
Neil(尼尔)
The news was very depressing!
这个消息非常令人沮丧！
Rob(罗伯)
Alright. Let’s lift the mood, marked means obvious or noticeable. There’s been a marked improvement in your English homework!
好。让我们提升心情，标记的意思是明显的或明显的。你的英语作业有了明显的进步！
Neil(尼尔)
There was a marked increase in the company’s profits last year!
去年公司的利润有了明显的增长！
Rob(罗伯)
And finally, intervention, something you do to improve a problem, medical or otherwise.
最后，干预，你为改善问题而做的事情，无论是医疗的还是其他的。
Neil(尼尔)
Let me intervene at this point, intervene, that’s the verb and in this context it means to interrupt, and say we’ve forgotten the quiz question, Rob!!
让我在这一点上插一插一插，插一插，这就是动词，在这个上下文中它的意思是打断，并说我们忘记了测验问题，罗伯！！
Rob(罗伯)
Oh, no! Good intervention. Yes, let’s remind ourselves of that quiz question: who invented the first talk therapy? And you said Sigmund Freud, which is the right answer, so well done, Neil! Psychoanalysis was invented in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. The patient lies on a couch and talks about their thoughts, feelings and dreams while the therapist listens. Psychoanalytic sessions typically last 50 minutes and take place 4 to 5 times a week.
哦不！良好的干预。是的，让我们提醒自己那个测验问题：谁发明了第一个谈话疗法？你说的是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud），这是正确的答案，干得好，尼尔！精神分析是由奥地利神经学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 （Sigmund Freud） 于 1890 年代初发明的。患者躺在沙发上，谈论他们的想法、感受和梦想，而治疗师则倾听。精神分析课程通常持续 50 分钟，每周进行 4 到 5 次。
Neil(尼尔)
OK. Good to know. But I think I prefer our own brand of talk therapy here on the show. And listeners, you can express your thoughts and feelings by visiting our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages.
好的，很高兴知道。但我认为我更喜欢节目中我们自己的谈话疗法品牌。听众们，您可以通过访问我们的 Facebook、Twitter、Instagram 和 YouTube 页面来表达您的想法和感受。
Rob(罗伯)
Talk to you again soon! Bye-bye!
很快再和你聊聊！再见！
Neil(尼尔)
So tell me about your childhood, Rob…
那么，跟我说说你的童年吧，罗伯……
【核心词汇】
therapy
a type of treatment for a problem or illness
治疗
针对问题或疾病的疗法
She is receiving therapy for depression.
她正在接受抑郁症治疗。
psychological problems
problems of the mind
心理问题
精神方面的问题
The patient had a history of psychological problems.
该患者有心理问题病史。
disturbed
not thinking or behaving in a normal way because of psychological problems
精神失常
（因心理问题而）精神错乱的；精神失常的
He was a deeply disturbed young man.
他是一个精神严重失常的年轻人。
depression
a feeling of unhappiness that can affect your thoughts, behaviour, and feelings
抑郁
一种可以影响你的思想、行为和感觉的不快感
She suffered from severe depression after losing her job.
失业后，她患上了严重的抑郁症。
marked
obvious or noticeable
明显的
显眼的；明显的；引人注目的
There has been a marked improvement in her condition.
她的病情有了显著改善。
intervention
something you do to improve a medical problem (in this context, it refers to different types of talk therapy)
干预
为改善医疗问题而采取的行动（在此语境下，指不同类型的谈话疗法）
Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes for children with autism.
早期干预可以显著改善自闭症儿童的预后。
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