【B1-B2-Grammar】03 Capital letters and apostrophes-大写字母和撇号

【B1-B2-Grammar】03 Capital letters and apostrophes-大写字母和撇号

Do you know how to use capital letters and apostrophes correctly? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.你知道如何正确使用大写字母和撇号吗？通过互动练习测试您所掌握的知识，并阅读说明来帮助您。

Look at these examples to see how capital letters and apostrophes are used.查看这些示例以了解如何使用大写字母和撇号。

India celebrates Independence Day on 15 August.印度于 8 月 15 日庆祝独立日。
Adam speaks English, Arabic and some Persian.亚当会说英语、阿拉伯语和一些波斯语。
It’s really cold today! They say it’ll snow tonight.今天真的很冷啊！他们说今晚会下雪。
Jane’s staying at her parents’ house this week.简这周住在她父母家。

Try this exercise to test your grammar.尝试这个练习来测试你的语法。

Grammar test 1-语法测试1

Capital letters and apostrophes: 1

Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.

• Question

1. In Uruguay, the ___ begins in December.
   Summer
   summer
2. The ___ of Croatia works in Zagreb.
   President
   president
3. My ___ favourite holiday is Christmas.
   children’s
   childrens’
4. ___ time to go home now.
   It’s
   Its
5. Are you going to be with your family for ___?
   Holi
   holi
6. Anne-Marie speaks ___ really well.
   Italian
   italian
7. Adila is staying at her ___ house while they are on holiday.
   parent’s
   parents’
8. ___ family live in Arizona.
   Jamie’s
   Jamies’

• Answer

1. In Uruguay, the ___ begins in December.
   Summer
   ✔summer
2. The ___ of Croatia works in Zagreb.
   President
   ✔president
3. My ___ favourite holiday is Christmas.
   ✔children’s
   childrens’
4. ___ time to go home now.
   ✔It’s
   Its
5. Are you going to be with your family for ___?
   ✔Holi
   holi
6. Anne-Marie speaks ___ really well.
   ✔Italian
   italian
7. Adila is staying at her ___ house while they are on holiday.
   parent’s
   ✔parents’
8. ___ family live in Arizona.
   ✔Jamie’s
   Jamies’

Grammar explanation语法解释

Capitalisation大写

There are lots of times when you need to use capital letters – for example, to start a sentence or for the pronoun I. Here are some other important rules for using them.很多时候您需要使用大写字母 - 例如，开始一个句子或代词 I。以下是使用它们的一些其他重要规则。

Days, months and holidays日、月和节假日

We capitalise days of the week, months and festivals, but not seasons.我们将一周中的日子、月份和节日大写，但不将季节大写。

His birthday party is on Thursday.他的生日聚会是在星期四。
Schools are closed at Christmas.圣诞节期间学校停课。
It rains a lot in April and May, but the summer is very dry.四月和五月雨水较多，但夏季非常干燥。

Names of people and places-人名和地名

We capitalise the names of people and places, including streets, planets, continents and countries.我们将人名和地名大写，包括街道、行星、大陆和国家。

Bea Jankowski has lived on Church Street in Manchester for 20 years.Bea Jankowski 在曼彻斯特教堂街生活了 20 年。
The Earth is the third planet from the Sun.地球是距离太阳第三远的行星。
Russia is in both Europe and Asia.俄罗斯既位于欧洲，又位于亚洲。

Words that come from the names of places – for example languages, nationalities and adjectives that refer to people or things from a country, region or city – are capitalised. We also capitalise nouns and adjectives that come from the names of religions.来自地名的单词（例如语言、民族以及指代某个国家、地区或城市的人或事物的形容词）均需大写。我们还将来自宗教名称的名词和形容词大写。

Some Canadians speak French.一些加拿大人讲法语。
Londoners eat a lot of Indian food.伦敦人吃很多印度菜。
Most Muslims fast during the day for Ramadan.大多数穆斯林在斋月期间白天禁食。

Titles and names of institutions-机构名称和名称

The names of organisations and usually the important words in book and film titles are capitalised. When a person’s job title goes before their name, capitalise both. If the title is separate from their name, capitalise only their name.组织的名称以及书籍和电影标题中的重要单词通常都是大写的。当一个人的职称出现在名字之前时，两者都要大写。如果标题与姓名分开，则仅将姓名大写。

Salome Zourabichvili, the president of Georgia, is visiting President Alvi tomorrow.
The chief executive officer lives in New York.
We are reading War and Peace *with Ms Ioana, our teacher.*格鲁吉亚总统萨洛梅·祖拉比奇维利明天将拜访阿尔维总统。 首席执行官住在纽约。 我们正在和我们的老师艾欧娜女士一起阅读《战争与和平》。

Apostrophes-撇号

We use an apostrophe to show a contraction or possession.我们使用撇号来表示缩写或占有。

Contractions-缩写

We use an apostrophe to show where there are missing letters in contractions.我们使用撇号来显示缩写中缺少字母的位置。

It’s raining. (It’s = It is)下雨了。 （就是=就是）
Don’t worry, it won’t rain. 别担心，不会下雨的。(Don’t = Do not; won’t = will not)（不=不；不会=不会）
She can’t drive because she’s broken her leg.她不能开车，因为她摔断了腿。 (can’t = cannot; she’s = she has)（不能=不能；她是=她有）
I’d like a coffee, please.请给我一杯咖啡。 (I’d = I would)（我愿意=我愿意）
You’ll be fine.你会没事的。 (You’ll = You will)（你会=你会）

** Note that it’s** is a contraction of it is or it has. *its* is a possessive form of the pronoun it. 请注意，it’s 是 it is 或 it has 的缩写。 its 是代词 it 的所有格形式。

The dog is chasing its tail.狗正在追它的尾巴。
Are you sure it’s OK for me to ring you so early?你确定我可以这么早给你打电话吗？
It’s rained a lot this week.这周下了很多雨。

Possession-所有格

We also use an apostrophe with the letter s after a noun (normally a person, animal or group) to show that the noun owns someone or something.我们还在名词（通常是人、动物或群体）后面使用撇号和字母 s，以表明该名词拥有某人或某物。

My cat’s favourite toy is a small, red ball.我的猫最喜欢的玩具是一个红色的小球。
Sadiq’s parents live in Liverpool.萨迪克的父母住在利物浦。
South Korea’s economy is growing.韩国经济正在增长。

Singular or plural-单数或复数

We use ‘s when the possessor is singular.当拥有者是单数时我们使用 ‘s。

Marie’s mother is going to Hong Kong.玛丽的妈妈要去香港。

We also use ‘s when the possessor is a plural noun that does not end in s.当拥有者是不以 s 结尾的复数名词时，我们也使用 s。

The People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国
My cousin writes children’s books.我的表弟写儿童读物。

When a plural noun ends in s, we put the apostrophe after the s (s’).当复数名词以s结尾时，我们在s后面加上撇号(s’)。

This is a picture of my parents’ house.这是我父母家的照片。
Our friend’s new car is red. She just got it yesterday.我们朋友的新车是红色的。她昨天才拿到的。
Our friends’ new car is red. They just got it yesterday.我们朋友的新车是红色的。他们昨天才拿到。

When a singular noun ends in s, we generally use ‘s.当单数名词以s结尾时，我们一般用’s。

James’s brother-in-law is German.詹姆斯的妹夫是德国人。
He has a collection of Dickens’s novels.他有一本狄更斯的小说集。

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.做这个练习来再次测试你的语法。

Grammar test 2-语法测试2

Capital letters and apostrophes: 2

Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.

• Question

1. Her birthday is on 24 ___.
   June
   june
2. They enjoy ___ films.
   Iranian
   iranian
3. We always go out for ___ food on Saturday night.
   Asian
   asian
4. All ___ accessories are on sale today.
   women’s
   womens’
5. My best ___ apartment is really expensive. I don’t know how he can afford it.
   friend’s
   friends’
6. ___ you heard? He moved back to Panama.
   Have’nt
   Haven’t
7. Don’t worry, ___ no problem. I don’t need it until tomorrow.
   it’s
   its
8. That’s not a church – it’s a ___ temple.
   Hindu
   hindu

• Answer

1. Her birthday is on 24 ___.
   ✔June
   june
2. They enjoy ___ films.
   ✔Iranian
   iranian
3. We always go out for ___ food on Saturday night.
   ✔Asian
   asian
4. All ___ accessories are on sale today.
   ✔women’s
   womens’
5. My best ___ apartment is really expensive. I don’t know how he can afford it.
   ✔friend’s
   friends’
6. ___ you heard? He moved back to Panama.
   Have’nt
   ✔Haven’t
7. Don’t worry, ___ no problem. I don’t need it until tomorrow.
   ✔it’s
   its
8. That’s not a church – it’s a ___ temple.
   ✔Hindu
   hindu