【B1-B2-Grammar】29 Reported speech statements-报道演讲：声明

【B1-B2-Grammar】29 Reported speech statements-报道演讲：声明

Do you know how to report what somebody else said? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.你知道如何举报别人所说的话吗？ 通过互动练习测试您所掌握的知识，并阅读说明来帮助您。

Look at these examples to see how we can tell someone what another person said.看一下这些例子，看看我们如何告诉某人另一个人所说的话。

direct speech: ‘I love the Toy Story films,’ she said. 直接引语：“我喜欢《玩具总动员》电影，”她说。
indirect speech: She said she loved the Toy Story films. 间接引语：她说她喜欢《玩具总动员》电影。

direct speech: ‘I worked as a waiter before becoming a chef,’ he said. 直接引语：“在成为厨师之前我当过服务员，”他说。
indirect speech: He said he’d worked as a waiter before becoming a chef. 间接引语：他说他在成为厨师之前曾当过服务员。

direct speech: ‘I’ll phone you tomorrow,’ he said. 直接引语：“我明天给你打电话，”他说。
indirect speech: He said he’d phone me the next day. 间接引语：他说他第二天会给我打电话。

Try this exercise to test your grammar.尝试这个练习来测试你的语法。

Grammar test 1-语法测试1

Using ‘have’ and ‘have got’: 2

Choose the correct words.

• Question

1. My grandfather ______ got a white beard.

• Answer

1. My grandfather ______ got a white beard.

Read the explanation to learn more.阅读说明以了解更多信息。

Grammar explanation-语法解释

Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech.报道性言论是指我们告诉某人另一个人所说的话。为此，我们可以使用直接引语或间接引语。

direct speech: ‘I work in a bank,’ said Daniel. 直接引语：“我在银行工作，”丹尼尔说。
indirect speech: Daniel said that he worked in a bank. 间接引语：丹尼尔说他在银行工作。

In indirect speech, we often use a tense which is ‘further back’ in the past (e.g. worked) than the tense originally used (e.g. work). This is called ‘backshift’. We also may need to change other words that were used, for example pronouns.在间接引语中，我们经常使用比最初使用的时态（例如工作）“更早”的过去时态（例如工作）。这称为“后移”。我们可能还需要更改使用的其他单词，例如代词。

Present simple, present continuous and present perfect-一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时

When we backshift, present simple changes to past simple, present continuous changes to past continuous and present perfect changes to past perfect.当我们后移时，将简单变化呈现为简单过去时，将连续变化呈现为过去进行时，将完美变化呈现为过去完成时。

‘I travel a lot in my job.’ “我因工作需要经常出差。”

• Jamila said that she travelled a lot in her job. 贾米拉说，她在工作中经常出差。

‘The baby’s sleeping!’ “宝宝正在睡觉！”

• He told me the baby was sleeping. 他告诉我孩子正在睡觉。*

‘I’ve hurt my leg.’ “我的腿受伤了。”

• She said she’d hurt her leg. 她说她的腿受伤了。

Past simple and past continuous-一般过去时和过去进行时

When we backshift, past simple usually changes to past perfect simple, and past continuous usually changes to past perfect continuous.当我们后移时，简单过去时通常会变为简单过去完成时，过去进行时通常会变为过去完成进行时。

‘We lived in China for five years.’ “我们在中国生活了五年。”

• She told me they’d lived in China for five years. 她告诉我他们在中国生活了五年。

-‘It was raining all day.’* “一整天都在下雨。”

• He told me it had been raining all day. 他告诉我一整天都在下雨。

Past perfect-过去完成时

The past perfect doesn’t change.过去完成时不会改变。

‘I’d tried everything without success, but this new medicine is great.’ “我尝试了一切都没有成功，但这种新药很棒。”

• He said he’d tried everything without success, but the new medicine was great. 他说他尝试了一切都没有成功，但新药很棒。

No backshift-无后移

If what the speaker has said is still true or relevant, it’s not always necessary to change the tense. This might happen when the speaker has used a present tense.如果说话者所说的话仍然正确或相关，则并不总是需要改变时态。当说话者使用现在时时可能会发生这种情况。

‘I go to the gym next to your house.’ “我去你家旁边的健身房。”

• Jenny told me that she goes to the gym next to my house. I’m thinking about going with her. 珍妮告诉我她去我家旁边的健身房。我正在考虑和她一起去。

‘I’m working in Italy for the next six months.’ “接下来的六个月我将在意大利工作。”

• He told me he’s working in Italy for the next six months. Maybe I should visit him! 他告诉我他未来六个月将在意大利工作。也许我应该去拜访他！

‘I’ve broken my arm!’ “我的胳膊断了！”

• She said she’s broken her arm, so she won’t be at work this week. 她说她的手臂骨折了，所以这周她不能上班。

Pronouns, demonstratives and adverbs of time and place-时间和地点的代词、指示词和副词

Pronouns also usually change in indirect speech.间接引语中的代词通常也会发生变化。

‘I enjoy working in my garden,’ said Bob. “我喜欢在我的花园里工作，”鲍勃说。

• Bob said that he enjoyed working in his garden. 鲍勃说他喜欢在他的花园里工作。

‘We played tennis for our school,’ said Alina. “我们为学校打网球，”阿丽娜说。

• Alina told me they’d played tennis for their school. 阿丽娜告诉我他们为学校打网球。

However, if you are the person or one of the people who spoke, then the pronouns don’t change. 但是，如果您是讲话的人或其中之一，则代词不会改变。

‘I’m working on my thesis,’ I said. “我正在写论文，”我说。

• I told her that I was working on my thesis. 我告诉她我正在写论文。

‘We want our jobs back!’ we said. “我们希望恢复工作！”我们说。

• We said that we wanted our jobs back. 我们说我们希望恢复工作。

We also change demonstratives and adverbs of time and place if they are no longer accurate. 如果时间和地点的指示词和副词不再准确，我们也会更改它们。

‘This is my house.’ “这是我的房子。”

• He said this was his house. [You are currently in front of the house.] 他说这是他的家。 [你现在在房子前面。]
• He said that was his house. [You are not currently in front of the house.] 他说那是他的房子。 [你现在不在房子前面。]

‘We like it here.’ “我们喜欢这里。”

• She told me they like it here. [You are currently in the place they like.]她告诉我他们喜欢这里。 [你现在正处于他们喜欢的地方。]
• She told me they like it there. [You are not in the place they like.]她告诉我他们喜欢那里。 【你不在他们喜欢的地方。】

‘I’m planning to do it today.’“我打算今天就做。”

• She told me she’s planning to do it today. [It is currently still the same day.] 她告诉我她今天就打算这么做。 【现在还是同一天。】
• She told me she was planning to do it that day. [It is not the same day any more.] 她告诉我她计划那天就这么做。 【这已经不是同一天了。】

In the same way, these changes to those, now changes to then, yesterday changes to the day before, tomorrow changes to the next/following day and ago changes to before.同样，这些更改为那些，现在更改为那时，昨天更改为前天，明天更改为下一天/后天，前更改为之前。

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.做这个练习来再次测试你的语法。

Grammar test 2-语法测试2

Using ‘have’ and ‘have got’: 2

Choose the correct words.

• Question

1. My grandfather ______ got a white beard.

• Answer

1. My grandfather ______ got a white beard.