【C1-Grammar】10 Participle clauses-分词从句

【C1-Grammar】10 Participle clauses-分词从句

Do you know how to use participle clauses to say information in a more economical way? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you. 你知道如何使用分词从句以更经济的方式表达信息吗？通过互动练习测试您所掌握的知识，并阅读说明来帮助您。

Look at these examples to see how participle clauses are used.查看这些示例以了解如何使用分词从句。

Looked after carefully, these boots will last for many years. 如果仔细保养，这些靴子可以穿很多年。
Not wanting to hurt his feelings, I avoided the question. 不想伤害他的感情，我回避了这个问题。
Having lived through difficult times together, they were very close friends. 一起经历过困难时期，他们是非常亲密的朋友。

Try this exercise to test your grammar.尝试这个练习来测试你的语法。

Grammar test 1-语法测试1

Using ‘have’ and ‘have got’: 2

Choose the correct words.

• Question

1. My grandfather ______ got a white beard.

• Answer

1. My grandfather ______ got a white beard.

Read the explanation to learn more.阅读说明以了解更多信息。

Grammar explanation-语法解释

Participle clauses enable us to say information in a more economical way. They are formed using present participles (going, reading, seeing, walking, etc.), past participles (gone, read, seen, walked, etc.) or perfect participles (having gone, having read, having seen, having walked, etc.). 分词从句使我们能够以更经济的方式表达信息。它们由现在分词（going、reading、seeing、walking 等）、过去分词（gone、read、seeing、walking 等）或完成分词（having gone、having read、having see、having walk 等构成） .)。

We can use participle clauses when the participle and the verb in the main clause have the same subject. For example,当分词和主句中的动词具有相同的主语时，我们可以使用分词从句。例如，

Waiting for Ellie, I made some tea. (While I was waiting for Ellie, I made some tea.) 我泡了茶等待艾莉。 （在等艾莉的时候，我泡了一些茶。）

Participle clauses do not have a specific tense. The tense is indicated by the verb in the main clause. 分词从句没有特定的时态。时态由主句中的动词表示。

Participle clauses are mainly used in written texts, particularly in a literary, academic or journalistic style. 分词从句主要用于书面文本，特别是文学、学术或新闻风格。

Present participle clauses-现在分词从句

Here are some common ways we use present participle clauses. Note that present participles have a similar meaning to active verbs. 以下是我们使用现在分词从句的一些常见方法。请注意，现在分词与主动动词具有相似的含义。

• To give the result of an action给出动作的结果
  The bomb exploded, destroying the building.炸弹爆炸，摧毁了建筑物。
• To give the reason for an action给出采取行动的理由
  Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.理查德知道她喜欢读书，就给她买了一本书。
• To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action谈论与另一个动作同时发生的动作
  Standing in the queue, I realised I didn’t have any money.站在队列里，我发现自己没有钱。
• To add information about the subject of the main clause添加有关主句主语的信息
  Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre.从新年开始，新政策禁止汽车在市中心行驶。

Past participle clauses-过去分词从句

Here are some common ways that we use past participle clauses. Note that past participles normally have a passive meaning.以下是我们使用过去分词从句的一些常见方法。请注意，过去分词通常具有被动含义。

• With a similar meaning to an if condition与 if 条件的含义类似
  Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise.这样使用分词可以使你的写作更加简洁。(If you use participles in this way, … )（如果您以这种方式使用分词，…）
• To give the reason for an action给出采取行动的理由
  Worried by the news, she called the hospital.听到这个消息，她很担心，于是给医院打电话。
• To add information about the subject of the main clause添加有关主句主语的信息
  Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage.他满怀自豪地走向讲台。

Perfect participle clauses-完成分词从句

Perfect participle clauses show that the action they describe was finished before the action in the main clause. Perfect participles can be structured to make an active or passive meaning.完美分词从句表明它们所描述的动作是在主句中的动作之前完成的。完美分词可以构成主动或被动的含义。

Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.穿好衣服，他缓缓下了楼。
Having finished their training完成训练后, they will be fully qualified doctors.，他们将是完全合格的医生。
Having been made redundant已被裁员, she started looking for a new job.，她开始寻找新工作。

Participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions-连词和介词后的分词从句

It is also common for participle clauses, especially with -ing, to follow conjunctions and prepositions such as before, after, instead of, on, since, when, while and in spite of.分词从句（尤其是 -ing）跟在连词和介词后面也很常见，例如 before、after、rather of、on、since、when、while 和 inthough of。

Before cooking, you should wash your hands. 做饭前，应该洗手。
Instead of complaining about it而不是抱怨它, they should try doing something positive.，他们应该尝试做一些积极的事情。
On arriving at the hotel抵达酒店后, he went to get changed.，他去换衣服了。
While packing her things收拾东西的时候, she thought about the last two years.，她想起了这两年的事情。
In spite of having read the instructions twice尽管已经阅读了两次说明, I still couldn’t understand how to use it.，我还是没明白怎么用。

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.做这个练习来再次测试你的语法。

Grammar test 2-语法测试2

Using ‘have’ and ‘have got’: 2

Choose the correct words.

• Question

1. My grandfather ______ got a white beard.

• Answer

1. My grandfather ______ got a white beard.